NOTICE
This document is very large and may take a long time to load. The
links may not work if the document is not completely loaded. If the links do not appear to
be working, try the "reload" function of your browser.
Some of the table column headings in this version have been
slightly edited from the print version to make them more accessible to screen readers.
Making them even more accessible may require significant alteration of the table, perhaps
splitting it into several parts. If you have trouble, especially if you have a solution,
send e-mail to Warren King of HandiNet.
As amended through January 1998
Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and
Facilities
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2. GENERAL
3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS
4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS
- 9.1 Hotels, Motels, Inns, Boarding Houses, Dormitories, Resorts
and Other Similar Places of Transient Lodging
- 9.2 Requirements for Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and
Suites
- 9.3 Visual Alarms, Notification Devices and Telephones
- 9.4 Other Sleeping Rooms
- 9.5 Transient Lodging in Homeless Shelters, Halfway Houses,
Transient Group Homes, and Other Social Service Establishments
Sections 11 and 12 have not been incorporated in the
Department of Justice accessibility standards and are, therefore, not enforceable.
13. RESIDENTIAL HOUSING [RESERVED]
14. PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY [RESERVED]
This document sets guidelines for accessibility to places of public accommodation and
commercial facilities by individuals with disabilities. These guidelines are to be applied
during the design, construction, and alteration of such buildings and facilities to the
extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies, including the Department of
Justice, under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
The illustrations and text of ANSI A117.1 are reproduced with permission from the
American National Standards Institute. Copies of the standard may be purchased from the
American National Standards Institute at 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018.
2. GENERAL.
2.1 Provisions for Adults. The
specifications in these guidelines are based upon adult dimensions and anthropometrics.
2.2* Equivalent Facilitation.
Departures from particular technical and scoping requirements of this guideline by the use
of other designs and technologies are permitted where the alternative designs and
technologies used will provide substantially equivalent or greater access to and usability
of the facility.
3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS.
3.1 Graphic Conventions. Graphic
conventions are shown in Table 1. Dimensions that are not
marked minimum or maximum are absolute, unless otherwise indicated in the text or
captions.
3.2 Dimensional Tolerances. All
dimensions are subject to conventional building industry tolerances for field conditions.
3.3 Notes. The text of these guidelines does not
contain notes or footnotes. Additional information, explanations, and advisory materials
are located in the Appendix. Paragraphs marked with an asterisk have related, nonmandatory
material in the Appendix. In the Appendix, the corresponding paragraph numbers are
preceded by an A.
3.4 General Terminology.
comply with. Meet one or more specifications of
these guidelines.
if, if ... then. Denotes a specification that
applies only when the conditions described are present.
may. Denotes an option or alternative.
shall. Denotes a mandatory specification or
requirement.
should. Denotes an advisory specification or
recommendation.
3.5 Definitions.
- Access Aisle.
- An accessible pedestrian space between elements, such as parking spaces, seating, and
desks, that provides clearances appropriate for use of the elements.
- Accessible.
- Describes a site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with these
guidelines.
- Accessible Element.
- An element specified by these guidelines (for example, telephone, controls, and the
like).
- Accessible Route.
- A continuous unobstructed path connecting all accessible elements and spaces of a
building or facility. Interior accessible routes may include corridors, floors, ramps,
elevators, lifts, and clear floor space at fixtures. Exterior accessible routes may
include parking access aisles, curb ramps, crosswalks at vehicular ways, walks, ramps, and
lifts.
- Accessible Space.
- Space that complies with these guidelines.
- Adaptability.
- The ability of certain building spaces and elements, such as kitchen counters, sinks,
and grab bars, to be added or altered so as to accommodate the needs of individuals with
or without disabilities or to accommodate the needs of persons with different types or
degrees of disability.
Addition. An expansion, extension, or increase in
the gross floor area of a building or facility.
Administrative Authority. A governmental agency
that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction, or
alteration of buildings and facilities.
Alteration. An alteration is a change to a building
or facility made by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public accommodation or commercial
facility, that affects or could affect the usability of the building or facility or part
thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation,
rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, changes or rearrangement of the
structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of
walls and full-height partitions. Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting or wallpapering,
or changes to mechanical and electrical systems are not alterations unless they affect the
usability of the building or facility.
Area of Rescue Assistance. An area, which has
direct access to an exit, where people who are unable to use stairs may remain temporarily
in safety to await further instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation.
Assembly Area. A room or space accommodating a
group of individuals for recreational, educational, political, social, or amusement
purposes, or for the consumption of food and drink. Automatic Door. A door equipped with a
power-operated mechanism and controls that open and close the door automatically upon
receipt of a momentary actuating signal. The switch that begins the automatic cycle may be
a photoelectric device, floor mat, or manual switch (see power-assisted door).
Building. Any structure used and intended for
supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of
passage from one place to another for pedestrians, including, but not limited to, walks,
hallways, courtyards, stairways, and stair landings.
Clear. Unobstructed.
Clear Floor Space. The minimum unobstructed floor
or ground space required to accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair and occupant.
Closed Circuit Telephone. A telephone with
dedicated line(s) such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be used to gain
entrance to a facility.
Common Use. Refers to those interior and exterior
rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available for the use of a restricted group of
people (for example, occupants of a homeless shelter, the occupants of an office building,
or the guests of such occupants).
Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the
direction of travel (see running slope).
Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a curb or
built up to it.
Detectable Warning. A standardized surface feature
built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn visually impaired people
of hazards on a circulation path.
Dwelling Unit. A single unit which provides a
kitchen or food preparation area, in addition to rooms and spaces for living, bathing,
sleeping, and the like. Dwelling units include a single family home or a townhouse used as
a transient group home; an apartment building used as a shelter; guestrooms in a hotel
that provide sleeping accommodations and food preparation areas; and other similar
facilities used on a transient basis. For purposes of these guidelines, use of the term
"Dwelling Unit" does not imply the unit is used as a residence.
Egress, Means of. A continuous and unobstructed way
of exit travel from any point in a building or facility to a public way. A means of egress
comprises vertical and horizontal travel and may include intervening room spaces,
doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies,
horizontal exits, courts and yards. An accessible means of egress is one that complies
with these guidelines and does not include stairs, steps, or escalators. Areas of rescue
assistance or evacuation elevators may be included as part of accessible means of egress.
Element. An architectural or mechanical component
of a building, facility, space, or site, e.g., telephone, curb ramp, door, drinking
fountain, seating, or water closet.
Entrance. Any access point to a building or portion
of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An entrance includes the
approach walk, the vertical access leading to the entrance platform, the entrance platform
itself, vestibules if provided, the entry door(s) or gate(s), and the hardware of the
entry door(s) or gate(s).
Facility. All or any portion of buildings,
structures, site improvements, complexes, equipment, roads, walks, passageways, parking
lots, or other real or personal property located on a site.
Ground Floor. Any occupiable floor less than one
story above or below grade with direct access to grade. A building or facility always has
at least one ground floor and may have more than one ground floor as where a split level
entrance has been provided or where a building is built into a hillside.
Mezzanine or Mezzanine Floor. That portion of a
story which is an intermediate floor level placed within the story and having occupiable
space above and below its floor.
Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or other identified
path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.
Multifamily Dwelling. Any building containing more
than two dwelling units.
Occupiable. A room or enclosed space designed for
human occupancy in which individuals congregate for amusement, educational or similar
purposes, or in which occupants are engaged at labor, and which is equipped with means of
egress, light, and ventilation.
Operable Part. A part of a piece of equipment or
appliance used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or adjust the
equipment or appliance (for example, coin slot, pushbutton, handle).
Path of Travel. (Reserved).
Power-assisted Door. A door used for human passage
with a mechanism that helps to open the door, or relieves the opening resistance of a
door, upon the activation of a switch or a continued force applied to the door itself.
Public Use. Describes interior or exterior rooms or
spaces that are made available to the general public. Public use may be provided at a
building or facility that is privately or publicly owned.
Ramp. A walking surface which has a running slope
greater than 1:20.
Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the
direction of travel (see cross slope).
Service Entrance. An entrance intended primarily
for delivery of goods or services.
Signage. Displayed verbal, symbolic, tactile, and
pictorial information.
Site. A parcel of land bounded by a property line
or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.
Site Improvement. Landscaping, paving for
pedestrian and vehicular ways, outdoor lighting, recreational facilities, and the like,
added to a site.
Sleeping Accommodations. Rooms in which people
sleep; for example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest rooms or suites.
Space. A definable area, e.g., room, toilet room,
hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or lobby.
Story. That portion of a building included between
the upper surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or roof next above. If such
portion of a building does not include occupiable space, it is not considered a story for
purposes of these guidelines. There may be more than one floor level within a story as in
the case of a mezzanine or mezzanines.
Structural Frame. The structural frame shall be
considered to be the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels having direct
connections to the columns and all other members which are essential to the stability of
the building as a whole.
Tactile. Describes an object that can be perceived
using the sense of touch.
Text Telephone. Machinery or equipment that employs
interactive graphic (i.e., typed) communications through the transmission of coded signals
across the standard telephone network. Text telephones can include, for example, devices
known as TDD's (telecommunication display devices or telecommunication devices for deaf
persons) or computers.
Transient Lodging. A building, facility, or portion
thereof, excluding inpatient medical care facilities, that contains one or more dwelling
units or sleeping accommodations. Transient lodging may include, but is not limited to,
resorts, group homes, hotels, motels, and dormitories.
Vehicular Way. A route intended for vehicular
traffic, such as a street, driveway, or parking lot.
Walk. An exterior pathway with a prepared surface
intended for pedestrian use, including general pedestrian areas such as plazas and courts.
4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS.
4.1 Minimum Requirements
4.1.1* Application.
(1) General. All areas of newly designed or newly constructed
buildings and facilities required to be accessible by 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 and altered portions of existing buildings and facilities required
to be accessible by 4.1.6 shall comply with these guidelines, 4.1
through 4.35, unless otherwise provided in this section or as modified in a special
application section.
(2) Application Based on Building Use. Special application
sections 5 through 10 provide additional requirements for restaurants and cafeterias,
medical care facilities, business and mercantile, libraries, accessible transient lodging,
and transportation facilities. When a building or facility contains more than one use
covered by a special application section, each portion shall comply with the requirements
for that use.
(3)* Areas Used Only by Employees as Work Areas. Areas that are
used only as work areas shall be designed and constructed so that individuals with
disabilities can approach, enter, and exit the areas. These guidelines do not require that
any areas used only as work areas be constructed to permit maneuvering within the work
area or be constructed or equipped (i.e., with racks or shelves) to be accessible.
(4) Temporary Structures. These guidelines cover temporary
buildings or facilities as well as permanent facilities. Temporary buildings and
facilities are not of permanent construction but are extensively used or are essential for
public use for a period of time. Examples of temporary buildings or facilities covered by
these guidelines include, but are not limited to: reviewing stands, temporary classrooms,
bleacher areas, exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities, temporary health screening
services, or temporary safe pedestrian passageways around a construction site. Structures,
sites and equipment directly associated with the actual processes of construction, such as
scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, or construction trailers are not included.
(5) General Exceptions.
(a) In new construction, a person or entity is not required
to meet fully the requirements of these guidelines where that person or entity can
demonstrate that it is structurally impracticable to do so. Full compliance will be
considered structurally impracticable only in those rare circumstances when the unique
characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation of accessibility features. If full
compliance with the requirements of these guidelines is structurally impracticable, a
person or entity shall comply with the requirements to the extent it is not structurally
impracticable. Any portion of the building or facility which can be made accessible shall
comply to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable.
(b) Accessibility is not required to (i) observation
galleries used primarily for security purposes; or (ii) in non-occupiable spaces accessed
only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very narrow passageways, or freight
(non-passenger) elevators, and frequented only by service personnel for repair purposes;
such spaces include, but are not limited to, elevator pits, elevator penthouses, piping or
equipment catwalks.
4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior
Facilities: New Construction. An accessible site shall meet the following
minimum requirements:
(1) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3
shall be provided within the boundary of the site from public transportation stops,
accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones if provided, and public streets or
sidewalks, to an accessible building entrance.
(2) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3
shall connect accessible buildings, accessible facilities, accessible elements, and
accessible spaces that are on the same site.
(3) All objects that protrude from surfaces or posts into
circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.
(4) Ground surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible
spaces shall comply with 4.5.
(5)
(a) If parking spaces are provided for self-parking by
employees or visitors, or both, then accessible spaces complying with 4.6
shall be provided in each such parking area in conformance with the table below. Spaces
required by the table need not be provided in the particular lot. They may be provided in
a different location if equivalent or greater accessibility, in terms of distance from an
accessible entrance, cost and convenience is ensured.
Required
Total Parking Minimum Number
in Lot of Accessible Spaces
______________________________________________________________
1 to 25 1
26 to 50 2
51 to 75 3
76 to 100 4
101 to 150 5
151 to 200 6
201 to 300 7
301 to 400 8
401 to 500 9
501 to 1000 2 percent of total
1001 and over 20 plus 1 for each
100 over 1000
Except as provided in (b), access aisles adjacent to accessible spaces shall be 60 in
(1525 mm) wide minimum.
- (b) One in every eight accessible spaces, but not less than
one, shall be served by an access aisle 96 in (2440 mm) wide minimum and shall be
designated "van accessible" as required by 4.6.4. The
vertical clearance at such spaces shall comply with 4.6.5. All such
spaces may be grouped on one level of a parking structure.
- EXCEPTION: Provision of all required parking spaces in conformance with "Universal
Parking Design" (see appendix A4.6.3) is permitted.
(c) If passenger loading zones are provided, then at least
one passenger loading zone shall comply with 4.6.6.
(d) At facilities providing medical care and other services
for persons with mobility impairments, parking spaces complying with 4.6 shall be provided
in accordance with 4.1.2(5)(a) except as follows:
(i) Outpatient units and facilities: 10 percent of the total number of parking spaces
provided serving each such outpatient unit or facility;
(ii) Units and facilities that specialize in treatment or services for persons with
mobility impairments: 20 percent of the total number of parking spaces provided serving
each such unit or facility.
(e)* Valet parking: Valet parking facilities shall provide a
passenger loading zone complying with 4.6.6 located on an accessible
route to the entrance of the facility. Paragraphs 5(a), 5(b), and 5(d) of this section do
not apply to valet parking facilities.
- (6) If toilet facilities are provided on a site, then each such
public or common use toilet facility shall comply with 4.22. If
bathing facilities are provided on a site, then each such public or common use bathing
facility shall comply with 4.23. For single user portable toilet or bathing units
clustered at a single location, at least 5% but no less than one toilet unit or bathing
unit complying with 4.22 or 4.23 shall be installed at each cluster whenever typical
inaccessible units are provided. Accessible units shall be identified by the International
Symbol of Accessibility.
- EXCEPTION: Portable toilet units at construction sites used exclusively by construction
personnel are not required to comply with 4.1.2(6).
(7) Building Signage.
Signs which designate permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5
and 4.30.6. Other signs which provide direction to, or information about, functional
spaces of the building shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5. Elements and
spaces of accessible facilities which shall be identified by the International Symbol of
Accessibility and which shall comply with 4.30.7 are:
(a) Parking spaces designated as reserved for individuals with disabilities;
(b) Accessible passenger loading zones;
(c) Accessible entrances when not all are accessible (inaccessible entrances shall have
directional signage to indicate the route to the nearest accessible entrance);
(d) Accessible toilet and bathing facilities when not all are accessible.
4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New
Construction. Accessible buildings and facilities shall meet the following minimum
requirements:
(1) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3
shall connect accessible building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and
elements within the building or facility.
(2) All objects that overhang or protrude into circulation paths
shall comply with 4.4.
(3) Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes and in
accessible rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.5.
(4) Interior and exterior stairs connecting levels that are not
connected by an elevator, ramp, or other accessible means of vertical access shall comply
with 4.9.
(5)* One passenger elevator complying with 4.10
shall serve each level, including mezzanines, in all multi-story buildings and facilities
unless exempted below. If more than one elevator is provided, each full passenger elevator
shall comply with 4.10.
EXCEPTION 1:
Elevators are not required in facilities that are less than three stories or that have
less than 3000 square feet per story unless the building is a shopping center, a shopping
mall, or the professional office of a health care provider, or another type of facility as
determined by the Attorney General. The elevator exemption set forth in this paragraph
does not obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply with the other accessibility
requirements established in section 4.1.3. For example, floors above
or below the accessible ground floor must meet the requirements of this section except for
elevator service. If toilet or bathing facilities are provided on a level not served by an
elevator, then toilet or bathing facilities must be provided on the accessible ground
floor. In new construction if a building or facility is eligible for this exemption but a
full passenger elevator is nonetheless planned, that elevator shall meet the requirements
of 4.10 and shall serve each level in the building. A full passenger
elevator that provides service from a garage to only one level of a building or facility
is not required to serve other levels.
EXCEPTION 2: Elevator pits, elevator
penthouses, mechanical rooms, piping or equipment catwalks are exempted from this
requirement.
EXCEPTION 3: Accessible ramps complying
with 4.8 may be used in lieu of an elevator.
EXCEPTION 4:
Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11 of this
guideline and applicable state or local codes may be used in lieu of an elevator only
under the following conditions:
(a) To provide an accessible route to a performing area in an assembly occupancy.
(b) To comply with the wheelchair viewing position line-of- sight and dispersion
requirements of 4.33.3.
(c) To provide access to incidental occupiable spaces and rooms which are not open to
the general public and which house no more than five persons, including but not limited to
equipment control rooms and projection booths.
(d) To provide access where existing site constraints or other constraints make use of
a ramp or an elevator infeasible.
(6) Windows: (Reserved).
(7) Doors:
(a) At each accessible entrance to a building or facility, at least one door shall
comply with 4.13.
(b) Within a building or facility, at least one door at each accessible space shall
comply with 4.13.
(c) Each door that is an element of an accessible route shall comply with 4.13.
(d) Each door required by 4.3.10, Egress, shall comply with 4.13.
(8) In new construction, at a minimum, the requirements in (a)
and (b) below shall be satisfied independently:
(a)(i) At least 50% of all public entrances (excluding those in (b) below) must be
accessible. At least one must be a ground floor entrance. Public entrances are any
entrances that are not loading or service entrances.
(ii) Accessible entrances must be provided in a number at least equivalent to the
number of exits required by the applicable building/fire codes. (This paragraph does not
require an increase in the total number of entrances planned for a facility.)
(iii) An accessible entrance must be provided to each tenancy in a facility (for
example, individual stores in a strip shopping center).
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the requirements in (a).
Where feasible, accessible entrances shall be the entrances used by the majority of people
visiting or working in the building.
(b)(i) In addition, if direct access is provided for pedestrians from an enclosed
parking garage to the building, at least one direct entrance from the garage to the
building must be accessible.
(ii) If access is provided for pedestrians from a pedestrian tunnel or elevated
walkway, one entrance to the building from each tunnel or walkway must be accessible.
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the requirements in (b).
Because entrances also serve as emergency exits whose proximity to all parts of
buildings and facilities is essential, it is preferable that all entrances be accessible.
(c) If the only entrance to a building, or tenancy in a facility, is a service
entrance, that entrance shall be accessible.
(d) Entrances which are not accessible shall have directional signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and
4.30.5, which indicates the location of the nearest accessible
entrance.
- (9)* In buildings or facilities, or portions of buildings or
facilities, required to be accessible, accessible means of egress shall be provided in the
same number as required for exits by local building/life safety regulations. Where a
required exit from an occupiable level above or below a level of accessible exit discharge
is not accessible, an area of rescue assistance shall be provided on each such level (in a
number equal to that of inaccessible required exits). Areas of rescue assistance shall
comply with 4.3.11. A horizontal exit, meeting the requirements of
local building/life safety regulations, shall satisfy the requirement for an area of
rescue assistance.
- EXCEPTION: Areas of rescue assistance are not required in buildings or facilities having
a supervised automatic sprinkler system.
(10)* Drinking Fountains:
(a) Where only one drinking fountain is provided on a floor there shall be a drinking
fountain which is accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and one accessible to those who have difficulty bending or stooping.
(This can be accommodated by the use of a "hi-lo" fountain; by providing one
fountain accessible to those who use wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard height
convenient for those who have difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under
4.15 and a water cooler; or by such other means as would achieve the required
accessibility for each group on each floor.)
(b) Where more than one drinking fountain or water cooler is provided on a floor, 50%
of those provided shall comply with 4.15 and shall be on an accessible
route.
(11) Toilet Facilities: If toilet rooms are provided, then each
public and common use toilet room shall comply with 4.22. Other toilet
rooms provided for the use of occupants of specific spaces (i.e., a private toilet room
for the occupant of a private office) shall be adaptable. If bathing rooms are provided,
then each public and common use bathroom shall comply with 4.23.
Accessible toilet rooms and bathing facilities shall be on an accessible route.
(12) Storage, Shelving and
Display Units:
(a) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and
drawers are provided in accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided shall
contain storage space complying with 4.25. Additional storage may be
provided outside of the dimensions required by 4.25.
(b) Shelves or display units allowing self-service by customers in mercantile
occupancies shall be located on an accessible route complying with 4.3.
Requirements for accessible reach range do not apply.
(13) Controls and operating mechanisms in accessible spaces,
along accessible routes, or as parts of accessible elements (for example, light switches
and dispenser controls) shall comply with 4.27.
(14) If emergency warning systems are provided, then they shall
include both audible alarms and visual alarms complying with 4.28.
Sleeping accommodations required to comply with 9.3 shall
have an alarm system complying with 4.28. Emergency warning systems in
medical care facilities may be modified to suit standard health care alarm design
practice.
(15) Detectable warnings shall be provided at locations as
specified in 4.29.
(16) Building Signage:
(a) Signs which designate permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and 4.30.6.
- (b) Other signs which provide direction to or information about functional spaces of the
building shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5.
- EXCEPTION: Building directories, menus, and all other signs which are temporary are not
required to comply.
(17) Public telephones:
(a) If public pay telephones, public closed circuit
telephones, or other public telephones are provided, then they shall comply with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 to the extent required by
the following table:
Number of each type
Number of telephones
of telephone provided
required to comply with
on each floor
4.31.2 through 4.31.8
_______________________________________________________________
1 or more single unit
1 per floor
1 bank
1 per floor
2 or more banks
1 per bank. Accessible unit
unit may be installed as a
single unit in proximity (either
visible or with signage) to
the bank. At least one
public telephone per floor
shall meet the requirements
for a forward reach
telephone.
1 Additional public telephones may be installed at any height. Unless otherwise
specified, accessible telephones may be either forward or side reach telephones.
2 A bank consists of two or more adjacent public telephones, often installed as a unit.
3 EXCEPTION: For exterior installations only, if dial tone first service is available,
then a side reach telephone may be installed instead of the required forward reach
telephone (i.e., one telephone in proximity to each bank shall comply with 4.31).
(b)* All telephones required to be accessible and complying
with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 shall be equipped
with a volume control. In addition, 25 percent, but never less than one, of all other
public telephones provided shall be equipped with a volume control and shall be dispersed
among all types of public telephones, including closed circuit telephones, throughout the
building or facility. Signage complying with applicable provisions of 4.30.7
shall be provided.
(c) The following shall be provided in
accordance with 4.31.9:
(i) if a total number of four or more public pay telephones (including both interior
and exterior phones) is provided at a site, and at least one is in an interior location,
then at least one interior public text telephone shall be provided.
(ii) if an interior public pay telephone is provided in a stadium or arena, in a
convention center, in a hotel with a convention center, or in a covered mall, at least one
interior public text telephone shall be provided in the facility.
(iii) if a public pay telephone is located in or adjacent to a hospital emergency room,
hospital recovery room, or hospital waiting room, one public text telephone shall be
provided at each such location.
(d) Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a building
consists of three or more public pay telephones, at least one public pay telephone in each
such bank shall be equipped with a shelf and outlet in compliance with 4.31.9(2).
(18) If fixed or built-in seating or tables (including, but not
limited to, study carrels and student laboratory stations), are provided in accessible
public or common use areas, at least five percent (5%), but not less than one, of the
fixed or built-in seating areas or tables shall comply with 4.32. An
accessible route shall lead to and through such fixed or built-in seating areas, or
tables.
(19)* Assembly areas:
(a) In places of assembly with fixed seating accessible
wheelchair locations shall comply with 4.33.2, 4.33.3,
and 4.33.4 and shall be provided consistent with the following
table:
Capacity of Seating
Number of
Required
in Assembly Areas
Wheelchair
Locations
_________________________________________________________
4 to 25
1
26 to 50
2
51 to 300
4
301 to 500
6
over 500
6, plus 1 additional space
for each total seating
capacity increase of 100
In addition, one percent, but not less than one, of all fixed seats shall be aisle
seats with no armrests on the aisle side, or removable or folding armrests on the aisle
side. Each such seat shall be identified by a sign or marker. Signage notifying patrons of
the availability of such seats shall be posted at the ticket office. Aisle seats are not
required to comply with 4.33.4.
(b) This paragraph applies to assembly areas where audible
communications are integral to the use of the space (e.g., concert and lecture halls,
playhouses and movie theaters, meeting rooms, etc.). Such assembly areas, if (1) they
accommodate at least 50 persons, or if they have audio-amplification systems, and (2) they
have fixed seating, shall have a permanently installed assistive listening system
complying with 4.33. For other assembly areas, a permanently installed
assistive listening system, or an adequate number of electrical outlets or other
supplementary wiring necessary to support a portable assistive listening system shall be
provided. The minimum number of receivers to be provided shall be equal to 4 percent of
the total number of seats, but in no case less than two. Signage complying with applicable
provisions of 4.30 shall be installed to notify patrons of the
availability of a listening system.
- (20) Where automated teller machines (ATMs) are provided, each
ATM shall comply with the requirements of 4.34 except where two or
more are provided at a location, then only one must comply.
- EXCEPTION: Drive-up-only automated teller machines are not required to comply with 4.27.2, 4.27.3 and 4.34.3.
(21) Where dressing and fitting rooms are provided for use by
the general public, patients, customers or employees, 5 percent, but never less than one,
of dressing rooms for each type of use in each cluster of dressing rooms shall be
accessible and shall comply with 4.35.
Examples of types of dressing rooms are those serving different genders or distinct and
different functions as in different treatment or examination facilities.
4.1.4 (Reserved).
4.1.5 Accessible Buildings:
Additions. Each addition to an existing building or facility shall be regarded as an
alteration. Each space or element added to the existing building or facility shall comply
with the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3,
Minimum Requirements (for New Construction) and the applicable technical specifications of
4.2 through 4.35 and sections 5 through 10. Each addition that affects or could affect the
usability of an area containing a primary function shall comply with 4.1.6(2).
4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations.
(1) General. Alterations to existing buildings and facilities
shall comply with the following:
(a) No alteration shall be undertaken which decreases or has
the effect of decreasing accessibility or usability of a building or facility below the
requirements for new construction at the time of alteration.
(b) If existing elements, spaces, or common areas are
altered, then each such altered element, space, feature, or area shall comply with the
applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 Minimum
Requirements (for New Construction). If the applicable provision for new construction
requires that an element, space, or common area be on an accessible route, the altered
element, space, or common area is not required to be on an accessible route except as
provided in 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary
Function.)
(c) If alterations of single elements, when considered
together, amount to an alteration of a room or space in a building or facility, the entire
space shall be made accessible.
(d) No alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a
building or facility shall impose a requirement for greater accessibility than that which
would be required for new construction. For example, if the elevators and stairs in a
building are being altered and the elevators are, in turn, being made accessible, then no
accessibility modifications are required to the stairs connecting levels connected by the
elevator. If stair modifications to correct unsafe conditions are required by other codes,
the modifications shall be done in compliance with these guidelines unless technically
infeasible.
(e) At least one interior public text telephone complying
with 4.31.9 shall be provided if:
(i) alterations to existing buildings or facilities with less than four exterior or
interior public pay telephones would increase the total number to four or more telephones
with at least one in an interior location; or
(ii) alterations to one or more exterior or interior public pay telephones occur in an
existing building or facility with four or more public telephones with at least one in an
interior location.
(f) If an escalator or stair is planned or installed where
none existed previously and major structural modifications are necessary for such
installation, then a means of accessible vertical access shall be provided that complies
with the applicable provisions of 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11.
(g) In alterations, the requirements of 4.1.3(9),
4.3.10 and 4.3.11 do not apply.
(h)* Entrances: If a planned alteration entails alterations
to an entrance, and the building has an accessible entrance, the entrance being altered is
not required to comply with 4.1.3(8), except to the extent
required by 4.1.6(2). If a particular entrance is not made
accessible, appropriate accessible signage indicating the location of the nearest
accessible entrance(s) shall be installed at or near the inaccessible entrance, such that
a person with disabilities will not be required to retrace the approach route from the
inaccessible entrance.
(i) If the alteration work is limited solely to the
electrical, mechanical, or plumbing system, or to hazardous material abatement, or
automatic sprinkler retrofitting, and does not involve the alteration of any elements or
spaces required to be accessible under these guidelines, then 4.1.6(2)
does not apply.
(j) EXCEPTION:
In alteration work, if compliance with 4.1.6 is technically
infeasible, the alteration shall provide accessibility to the maximum extent feasible. Any
elements or features of the building or facility that are being altered and can be made
accessible shall be made accessible within the scope of the alteration.
Technically Infeasible. Means, with respect to an
alteration of a building or a facility, that it has little likelihood of being
accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or altering a
load-bearing member which is an essential part of the structural frame; or because other
existing physical or site constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements,
spaces, or features which are in full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements
for new construction and which are necessary to provide accessibility.
(k) EXCEPTION:
(i) These guidelines do not require the installation of an elevator in an altered
facility that is less than three stories or has less than 3,000 square feet per story
unless the building is a shopping center, a shopping mall, the professional office of a
health care provider, or another type of facility as determined by the Attorney General.
(ii) The exemption provided in paragraph (i) does not obviate or limit in any way the
obligation to comply with the other accessibility requirements established in these
guidelines. For example, alterations to floors above or below the ground floor must be
accessible regardless of whether the altered facility has an elevator. If a facility
subject to the elevator exemption set forth in paragraph (i) nonetheless has a full
passenger elevator, that elevator shall meet, to the maximum extent feasible, the
accessibility requirements of these guidelines.
(2) Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function: In
addition to the requirements of 4.1.6(1), an alteration that
affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary
function shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of
travel to the altered area and the restrooms, telephones, and drinking fountains serving
the altered area, are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities,
unless such alterations are disproportionate to the overall alterations in terms of cost
and scope (as determined under criteria established by the Attorney General).
(3) Special Technical Provisions for
Alterations to Existing Buildings and Facilities:
(a) Ramps: Curb ramps and interior or exterior ramps to be
constructed on sites or in existing buildings or facilities where space limitations
prohibit the use of a 1:12 slope or less may have slopes and rises as follows:
(i) A slope between 1:10 and 1:12 is allowed for a maximum rise of 6 inches.
(ii) A slope between 1:8 and 1:10 is allowed for a maximum rise of 3 inches. A slope
steeper than 1:8 is not allowed.
(b) Stairs: Full extension of handrails at stairs shall not
be required in alterations where such extensions would be hazardous or impossible due to
plan configuration.
(c) Elevators:
(i) If safety door edges are provided in existing automatic elevators, automatic door
reopening devices may be omitted (see 4.10.6).
(ii) Where existing shaft configuration or technical infeasibility prohibits strict
compliance with 4.10.9, the minimum car plan dimensions may be
reduced by the minimum amount necessary, but in no case shall the inside car area be
smaller than 48 in by 48 in.
(iii) Equivalent facilitation may be provided with an elevator car of different
dimensions when usability can be demonstrated and when all other elements required to be
accessible comply with the applicable provisions of 4.10. For example,
an elevator of 47 in by 69 in (1195 mm by 1755 mm) with a door opening on the narrow
dimension, could accommodate the standard wheelchair clearances shown in Figure 4.
(d) Doors:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with clear opening width requirements
of 4.13.5, a projection of 5/8 in maximum will be permitted for the
latch side stop.
(ii) If existing thresholds are 3/4 in high or less, and have (or are modified to have)
a beveled edge on each side, they may remain.
(e) Toilet Rooms:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with 4.22 or 4.23, the installation of at least one unisex toilet/bathroom per floor,
located in the same area as existing toilet facilities, will be permitted in lieu of
modifying existing toilet facilities to be accessible. Each unisex toilet room shall
contain one water closet complying with 4.16 and one lavatory
complying with 4.19, and the door shall have a privacy latch.
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to install a required standard stall (Fig. 30(a)), or where other codes prohibit reduction of the
fixture count (i.e., removal of a water closet in order to create a double-wide stall),
either alternate stall (Fig.30(b)) may be provided in
lieu of the standard stall.
(iii) When existing toilet or bathing facilities are being altered and are not made
accessible, signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2,
4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7
shall be provided indicating the location of the nearest accessible toilet or bathing
facility within the facility.
(f) Assembly Areas:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to disperse accessible seating throughout an
altered assembly area, accessible seating areas may be clustered. Each accessible seating
area shall have provisions for companion seating and shall be located on an accessible
route that also serves as a means of emergency egress.
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to alter all performing areas to be on an
accessible route, at least one of each type of performing area shall be made accessible.
(g) Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts):
In alterations, platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11
and applicable state or local codes may be used as part of an accessible route. The use of
lifts is not limited to the four conditions in exception 4 of
4.1.3(5)
(h) Dressing Rooms: In
alterations where technical infeasibility can be demonstrated, one dressing room for each
sex on each level shall be made accessible. Where only unisex dressing rooms are provided,
accessible unisex dressing rooms may be used to fulfill this requirement.
4.1.7 Accessible Buildings:
Historic Preservation.
(1) Applicability:
- (a) General Rule. Alterations to a qualified historic building or facility shall comply
with 4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations, the applicable
technical specifications of 4.2 through 4.35 and the applicable special application
sections 5 through 10 unless it is determined in accordance with the procedures in 4.1.7(2) that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes
(exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the
historic significance of the building or facility in which case the alternative
requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.
EXCEPTION: (Reserved).
(b) Definition. A qualified historic building or facility
is a building or facility that is:
(i) Listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; or
(ii) Designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.
(2) Procedures:
(a) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Subject to Section 106
of the National Historic Preservation Act:
(i) Section 106 Process. Section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 f) requires that a Federal agency with
jurisdiction over a Federal, federally assisted, or federally licensed undertaking
consider the effects of the agency's undertaking on buildings and facilities listed in or
eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and give the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment on the undertaking
prior to approval of the undertaking.
(ii) ADA Application. Where alterations are undertaken to
a qualified historic building or facility that is subject to section 106 of the National
Historic Preservation Act, the Federal agency with jurisdiction over the undertaking shall
follow the section 106 process. If the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation agrees that compliance with the requirements for
accessible routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or
destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the alternative
requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.
(b) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities
Not Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Where
alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility that is not
subject to section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, if the entity
undertaking the alterations believes that compliance with the requirements for accessible
routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the
historic significance of the building or facility and that the alternative requirements in
4.1.7(3) should be used for the feature, the entity should consult
with the State Historic Preservation Officer. If the State Historic Preservation Officer
agrees that compliance with the accessibility requirements for accessible routes (exterior
and interior), ramps, entrances or toilets would threaten or destroy the historical
significance of the building or facility, the alternative requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used.
(c) Consultation With Interested Persons. Interested
persons should be invited to participate in the consultation process, including State or
local accessibility officials, individuals with disabilities, and organizations
representing individuals with disabilities.
(d) Certified Local Government Historic Preservation Programs. Where the State Historic
Preservation Officer has delegated the consultation responsibility for purposes of this
section to a local government historic preservation program that has been certified in
accordance with section 101(c) of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16
U.S.C. 470a (c)) and implementing regulations (36 CFR 61.5), the responsibility may be
carried out by the appropriate local government body or official.
(3) Historic Preservation: Minimum
Requirements:
- (a) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 from a site
access point to an accessible entrance shall be provided.
- EXCEPTION: A ramp with a slope no greater
than 1:6 for a run not to exceed 2 ft (610 mm) may be used as part of an accessible route
to an entrance.
- (b) At least one accessible entrance complying with 4.14 which is
used by the public shall be provided.
- EXCEPTION: If it is determined that no
entrance used by the public can comply with 4.14, then access at any
entrance not used by the general public but open (unlocked) with directional signage at
the primary entrance may be used. The accessible entrance shall alsohave a notification
system. Where security is a problem, remote monitoring may be used.
(c) If toilets are provided, then at least one toilet facility complying with 4.22 and 4.1.6 shall be provided along an accessible
route that complies with 4.3. Such toilet facility may be unisex in
design.
(d) Accessible routes from an accessible entrance to all publicly used spaces on at
least the level of the accessible entrance shall be provided. Access shall be provided to
all levels of a building or facility in compliance with 4.1 whenever
practical.
(e) Displays and written information, documents, etc., should be located where they can
be seen by a seated person. Exhibits and signage displayed horizontally (e.g., open
books), should be no higher than 44 in (1120 mm) above the floor surface.
4.2 Space Allowance and Reach Ranges.
4.2.1* Wheelchair Passage Width.
The minimum clear width for single wheelchair passage shall be 32 in (815 mm) at a point
and 36 in (915 mm) continuously (see Fig. 1 and 24(e)).
4.2.2 Width for Wheelchair Passing.
The minimum width for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 in (1525 mm) (see Fig. 2).
4.2.3* Wheelchair Turning Space. The
space required for a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn is a clear space of 60 in (1525
mm) diameter (see Fig. 3(a)) or a T-shaped space (see Fig. 3(b)).
4.2.4* Clear Floor or Ground Space for
Wheelchairs.
4.2.4.1 Size and Approach.
The minimum clear floor or ground space required to accommodate a single, stationary
wheelchair and occupant is 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) (see Fig. 4(a)). The minimum clear floor or ground space for
wheelchairs may be positioned for forward or parallel approach to an object (see Fig. 4(b) and (c)). Clear
floor or ground space for wheelchairs may be part of the knee space required under some
objects.
4.2.4.2 Relationship of Maneuvering
Clearance to Wheelchair Spaces. One full unobstructed side of the clear
floor or ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route or
adjoin another wheelchair clear floor space. If a clear floor space is located in an
alcove or otherwise confined on all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering
clearances shall be provided as shown in Fig. 4(d) and (e).
4.2.4.3 Surfaces for Wheelchair
Spaces. Clear floor or ground spaces for wheelchairs shall comply with 4.5.
4.2.5* Forward Reach. If the
clear floor space only allows forward approach to an object, the maximum high forward
reach allowed shall be 48 in (1220 mm) (see Fig. 5(a)).
The minimum low forward reach is 15 in (380 mm). If the high forward reach is over an
obstruction, reach and clearances shall be as shown in Fig.
5(b).
4.2.6* Side Reach. If the clear
floor space allows parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair, the maximum high side
reach allowed shall be 54 in (1370 mm) and the low side reach shall be no less than 9 in
(230 mm) above the floor (Fig. 6(a) and (b)). If the side reach is over an obstruction, the reach and
clearances shall be as shown in Fig 6(c).
4.3 Accessible Route.
4.3.1* General. All walks,
halls, corridors, aisles, skywalks, tunnels, and other spaces that are part of an
accessible route shall comply with 4.3.
4.3.2 Location.
(1) At least one accessible route within the boundary of the
site shall be provided from public transportation stops, accessible parking, and
accessible passenger loading zones, and public streets or sidewalks to the accessible
building entrance they serve. The accessible route shall, to the maximum extent feasible,
coincide with the route for the general public.
(2) At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces that are on the same site.
(3) At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and elements and with all
accessible dwelling units within the building or facility.
(4) An accessible route shall connect at least one accessible
entrance of each accessible dwelling unit with those exterior and interior spaces and
facilities that serve the accessible dwelling unit.
4.3.3 Width. The minimum clear
width of an accessible route shall be 36 in (915 mm) except at doors (see 4.13.5 and 4.13.6). If a person in a wheelchair
must make a turn around an obstruction, the minimum clear width of the accessible route
shall be as shown in Fig. 7(a) and (b).
4.3.4 Passing Space. If an
accessible route has less than 60 in (1525 mm) clear width, then passing spaces at least
60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm) shall be located at reasonable intervals not to exceed
200 ft (61 m). A T-intersection of two corridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.
4.3.5 Head Room. Accessible
routes shall comply with 4.4.2.
4.3.6 Surface Textures. The
surface of an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.
4.3.7 Slope. An accessible
route with a running slope greater than 1:20 is a ramp and shall comply with 4.8. Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route exceed 1:50.
4.3.8 Changes in Levels.
Changes in levels along an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.2.
If an accessible route has changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm), then a curb ramp,
ramp, elevator, or platform lift (as permitted in 4.1.3 and 4.1.6) shall be provided that complies with 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11, respectively.
An accessible route does not include stairs, steps, or escalators. See definition of
"egress, means of" in 3.5.
4.3.9 Doors. Doors along an
accessible route shall comply with 4.13.
4.3.10* Egress. Accessible
routes serving any accessible space or element shall also serve as a means of egress for
emergencies or connect to an accessible area of rescue assistance.
4.3.11 Areas of Rescue Assistance.
4.3.11.1 Location and Construction.
An area of rescue assistance shall be one of the following:
(1) A portion of a stairway landing within a smokeproof enclosure (complying with local
requirements).
(2) A portion of an exterior exit balcony located immediately adjacent to an exit
stairway when the balcony complies with local requirements for exterior exit balconies.
Openings to the interior of the building located within 20 feet (6 m) of the area of
rescue assistance shall be protected with fire assemblies having a three- fourths hour
fire protection rating.
(3) A portion of a one-hour fire-resistive corridor (complying with local requirements
for fire-resistive construction and for openings) located immediately adjacent to an exit
enclosure.
(4) A vestibule located immediately adjacent to an exit enclosure and constructed to
the same fire-resistive standards as required for corridors and openings.
(5) A portion of a stairway landing within an exit enclosure which is vented to the
exterior and is separated from the interior of the building with not less than one-hour
fire-resistive doors.
(6) When approved by the appropriate local authority, an area or a room which is
separated from other portions of the building by a smoke barrier. Smoke barriers shall
have a fire-resistive rating of not less than one hour and shall completely enclose the
area or room. Doors in the smoke barrier shall be tight-fitting smoke- and draft-control
assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than 20 minutes and shall be
self-closing or automatic closing. The area or room shall be provided with an exit
directly to an exit enclosure. Where the room or area exits into an exit enclosure which
is required to be of more than one-hour fire- resistive construction, the room or area
shall have the same fire- resistive construction, including the same opening protection,
as required for the adjacent exit enclosure.
(7) An elevator lobby when elevator shafts and adjacent lobbies are pressurized as
required for smokeproof enclosures by local regulations and when complying with
requirements herein for size, communication, and signage. Such pressurization system shall
be activated by smoke detectors on each floor located in a manner approved by the
appropriate local authority. Pressurization equipment and its duct work within the
building shall be separated from other portions of the building by a minimum two-hour
fire- resistive construction.
- 4.3.11.2 Size. Each
area of rescue assistance shall provide at least two accessible areas each being not less
than 30 inches by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220 mm). The area of rescue assistance shall not
encroach on any required exit width. The total number of such 30-inch by 48-inch (760 mm
by 1220 mm) areas per story shall be not less than one for every 200 persons of calculated
occupant load served by the area of rescue assistance.
- EXCEPTION: The appropriate local authority may reduce the minimum number of 30-inch by
48-inch (760 mm by 1220 mm) areas to one for each area of rescue assistance on floors
where the occupant load is less than 200.
4.3.11.3* Stairway Width.
Each stairway adjacent to an area of rescue assistance shall have a minimum clear width of
48 inches between handrails.
4.3.11.4* Two-way Communication.
A method of two-way communication, with both visible and audible signals, shall be
provided between each area of rescue assistance and the primary entry. The fire department
or appropriate local authority may approve a location other than the primary entry.
4.3.11.5 Identification.
Each area of rescue assistance shall be identified by a sign which states "AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE" and displays the
international symbol of accessibility. The sign shall be illuminated when exit sign
illumination is required. Signage shall also be installed at all inaccessible exits and
where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the direction to areas of rescue assistance.
In each area of rescue assistance, instructions on the use of the area under emergency
conditions shall be posted adjoining the two-way communication system.
4.4 Protruding Objects.
4.4.1* General. Objects
projecting from walls (for example, telephones) with their leading edges between 27 in and
80 in (685 mm and 2030 mm) above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4 in (100
mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles (see
Fig. 8(a)). Objects mounted with their leading edges at or below 27 in (685 mm) above
the finished floor may protrude any amount (see Fig. 8(a)
and (b)). Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons
may overhang 12 in (305 mm) maximum from 27 in to 80 in (685 mm to 2030 mm) above the
ground or finished floor (see Fig. 8(c) and (d)). Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width of
an accessible route or maneuvering space (see Fig. 8(e)).
4.4.2 Head Room. Walks, halls,
corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces shall have 80 in (2030 mm)
minimum clear head room (see Fig. 8(a)). If vertical
clearance of an area adjoining an accessible route is reduced to less than 80 in (nominal
dimension), a barrier to warn blind or visually-impaired persons shall be provided (see Fig. 8(c-1)).
4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces.
4.5.1* General. Ground and
floor surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible rooms and spaces including
floors, walks, ramps, stairs, and curb ramps, shall be stable, firm, slip-resistant, and
shall comply with 4.5.
4.5.2 Changes in Level. Changes
in level up to 1/4 in (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge treatment (see Fig. 7(c) ). Changes in level between 1/4 in and 1/2 in
(6 mm and 13 mm) shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (see Fig. 7(d) ). Changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13
mm) shall be accomplished by means of a ramp that complies with 4.7 or 4.8.
4.5.3* Carpet. If carpet or
carpet tile is used on a ground or floor surface, then it shall be securely attached; have
a firm cushion, pad, or backing, or no cushion or pad; and have a level loop, textured
loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture. The maximum pile thickness shall be
1/2 in (13 mm) (see Fig. 8(f)). Exposed edges of carpet
shall be fastened to floor surfaces and have trim along the entire length of the exposed
edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with 4.5.2.
4.5.4 Gratings. If gratings are
located in walking surfaces, then they shall have spaces no greater than 1/2 in (13 mm)
wide in one direction (seeFig. 8(g)). If gratings have elongated
openings, then they shall be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the
dominant direction of travel (see Fig. 8(h)).
4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones.
4.6.1 Minimum Number. Parking
spaces required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.6.2 through
4.6.5. Passenger loading zones required to be accessible by 4.1 shall
comply with 4.6.5 and 4.6.6.
4.6.2 Location. Accessible
parking spaces serving a particular building shall be located on the shortest accessible
route of travel from adjacent parking to an accessible entrance. In parking facilities
that do not serve a particular building, accessible parking shall be located on the
shortest accessible route of travel to an accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking
facility. In buildings with multiple accessible entrances with adjacent parking,
accessible parking spaces shall be dispersed and located closest to the accessible
entrances.
4.6.3* Parking Spaces.
Accessible parking spaces shall be at least 96 in (2440 mm) wide. Parking access aisles
shall be part of an accessible route to the building or facility entrance and shall comply
with 4.3. Two accessible parking spaces may share a common access aisle
(see Fig. 9). Parked vehicle overhangs shall not reduce the
clear width of an accessible route. Parking spaces and access aisles shall be level with
surface slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all directions.
4.6.4* Signage. Accessible
parking spaces shall be designated as reserved by a sign showing the symbol of
accessibility (see 4.30.7). Spaces complying with 4.1.2(5)(b)
shall have an additional sign "Van-Accessible" mounted below the symbol of
accessibility. Such signs shall be located so they cannot be obscured by a vehicle parked
in the space.
4.6.5* Vertical Clearance. Provide
minimum vertical clearance of 114 in (2895 mm) at accessible passenger loading zones and
along at least one vehicle access route to such areas from site entrance(s) and exit(s).
At parking spaces complying with 4.1.2(5)(b), provide minimum
vertical clearance of 98 in (2490 mm) at the parking space and along at least one vehicle
access route to such spaces from site entrance(s) and exit(s).
4.6.6 Passenger Loading Zones.
Passenger loading zones shall provide an access aisle at least 60 in (1525 mm) wide and 20
ft (240 in)(6100 mm) long adjacent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space (see Fig. 10). If there are curbs between the access aisle
and the vehicle pull-up space, then a curb ramp complying with 4.7
shall be provided. Vehicle standing spaces and access aisles shall be level with surface
slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all directions.
4.7 Curb Ramps.
4.7.1 Location. Curb ramps
complying with 4.7 shall be provided wherever an accessible route crosses a curb.
4.7.2 Slope. Slopes of curb
ramps shall comply with 4.8.2. The slope shall be measured as shown
in Fig. 11. Transitions from ramps to walks, gutters, or
streets shall be flush and free of abrupt changes. Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters,
road surface immediately adjacent to the curb ramp, or accessible route shall not exceed
1:20.
4.7.3 Width. The minimum width
of a curb ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm), exclusive of flared sides.
4.7.4 Surface. Surfaces of curb
ramps shall comply with 4.5.
4.7.5 Sides of Curb Ramps. If a
curb ramp is located where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, or where it is not
protected by handrails or guardrails, it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of the
flare shall be 1:10 (see Fig. 12(a)). Curb ramps with
returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp (see Fig. 12(b)).
4.7.6 Built-up Curb Ramps.
Built-up curb ramps shall be located so that they do not project into vehicular traffic
lanes (see Fig. 13).222
4.7.7 Detectable Warnings.
[Provision suspended until July 26, 1998] A curb ramp shall have a detectable warning
complying with 4.29.2. The detectable warning shall extend the full
width and depth of the curb ramp.
4.7.8 Obstructions. Curb ramps
shall be located or protected to prevent their obstruction by parked vehicles.
4.7.9 Location at Marked Crossings.
Curb ramps at marked crossings shall be wholly contained within the markings, excluding
any flared sides. (see Fig. 15).
4.7.10 Diagonal Curb Ramps. If
diagonal (or corner type) curb ramps have returned curbs or other well-defined edges, such
edges shall be parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow. The bottom of diagonal curb
ramps shall have 48 in (1220 mm) minimum clear space as shown in Fig. 15(c) and (d). If
diagonal curb ramps are provided at marked crossings, the 48 in (1220 mm) clear space
shall be within the markings (see Fig. 15(c) and (d)). If diagonal curb ramps have flared sides, they shall
also have at least a 24 in (610 mm) long segment of straight curb located on each side of
the curb ramp and within the marked crossing (see Fig. 15(c)).
4.7.11 Islands. Any raised
islands in crossings shall be cut through level with the street or have curb ramps at both
sides and a level area at least 48 in (1220 mm) long between the curb ramps in the part of
the island intersected by the crossings (see Fig. 15(a)
and (b)).
4.8 Ramps.
4.8.1* General. Any part of an
accessible route with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be considered a ramp and shall
comply with 4.8.
4.8.2* Slope and Rise. The
least possible slope shall be used for any ramp. The maximum slope of a ramp in new
construction shall be 1:12. The maximum rise for any run shall be 30 in (760 mm) (see Fig. 16). Curb ramps and ramps to be constructed on
existing sites or in existing buildings or facilities may have slopes and rises as allowed
in 4.1.6(3)(a) if space limitations prohibit the use of a 1:12
slope or less.
4.8.3 Clear Width. The minimum
clear width of a ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm).
4.8.4* Landings. Ramps shall
have level landings at bottom and top of each ramp and each ramp run. Landings shall have
the following features:
(1) The landing shall be at least as wide as the ramp run leading to it.
(2) The landing length shall be a minimum of 60 in (1525 mm) clear.
(3) If ramps change direction at landings, the minimum landing size shall be 60 in by
60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm).
(4) If a doorway is located at a landing, then the area in front of the doorway shall
comply with 4.13.6.
4.8.5* Handrails. If a ramp run
has a rise greater than 6 in (150 mm) or a horizontal projection greater than 72 in (1830
mm), then it shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails are not required on curb ramps
or adjacent to seating in assembly areas. Handrails shall comply with 4.26
and shall have the following features:
(1) Handrails shall be provided along both sides of ramp segments. The inside handrail
on switchback or dogleg ramps shall always be continuous.
(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond
the top and bottom of the ramp segment and shall be parallel with the floor or ground
surface (see Fig. 17).
(3) The clear space between the handrail and the wall shall be 1 - 1/2 in (38 mm).
(4) Gripping surfaces shall be continuous.
(5) Top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be mounted between 34 in and 38 in (865 mm
and 965 mm) above ramp surfaces.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either rounded or returned smoothly to floor, wall, or
post.
(7) Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
4.8.6 Cross Slope and Surfaces.
The cross slope of ramp surfaces shall be no greater than 1:50. Ramp surfaces shall comply
with 4.5.
4.8.7 Edge Protection. Ramps
and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting surfaces that
prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a minimum of 2 in (50 mm) high (see Fig. 17).
4.8.8 Outdoor Conditions.
Outdoor ramps and their approaches shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on
walking surfaces.
4.9 Stairs.
4.9.1* Minimum Number. Stairs
required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.9.
4.9.2 Treads and Risers. On any
given flight of stairs, all steps shall have uniform riser heights and uniform tread
widths. Stair treads shall be no less than 11 in (280 mm) wide, measured from riser to
riser (see Fig. 18(a)). Open risers are not permitted.
4.9.3 Nosings. The undersides
of nosings shall not be abrupt. The radius of curvature at the leading edge of the tread
shall be no greater than 1/2 in (13 mm). Risers shall be sloped or the underside of the
nosing shall have an angle not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal. Nosings shall
project no more than 1-1/2 in (38 mm) (see Fig. 18).
4.9.4 Handrails. Stairways
shall have handrails at both sides of all stairs. Handrails shall comply with 4.26 and shall have the following features:
(1) Handrails shall be continuous along both sides of stairs. The inside handrail on
switchback or dogleg stairs shall always be continuous (see
Fig. 19(a) and (b)).
(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond
the top riser and at least 12 in (305 mm) plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom
riser. At the top, the extension shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface. At
the bottom, the handrail shall continue to slope for a distance of the width of one tread
from the bottom riser; the remainder of the extension shall be horizontal (see Fig. 19(c) and (d)).
Handrail extensions shall comply with 4.4.
(3) The clear space between handrails and wall shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm).
(4) Gripping surfaces shall be uninterrupted by newel posts, other construction
elements, or obstructions.
(5) Top of handrail gripping surface shall be mounted between 34 in and 38 in (865 mm
and 965 mm) above stair nosings.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either rounded or returned smoothly to floor, wall or
post.
(7) Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings.
4.9.5 Detectable Warnings at Stairs. (Reserved).
4.9.6 Outdoor Conditions.
Outdoor stairs and their approaches shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on
walking surfaces.
4.10 Elevators.
4.10.1 General. Accessible
elevators shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 4.10 and with the ASME
A17.1-1990, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. Freight elevators shall not be
considered as meeting the requirements of this section unless the only elevators provided
are used as combination passenger and freight elevators for the public and employees.
4.10.2 Automatic Operation.
Elevator operation shall be automatic. Each car shall be equipped with a self-leveling
feature that will automatically bring the car to floor landings within a tolerance of 1/2
in (13 mm) under rated loading to zero loading conditions. This self-leveling feature
shall be automatic and independent of the operating device and shall correct the
overtravel or undertravel.
4.10.3 Hall Call Buttons. Call
buttons in elevator lobbies and halls shall be centered at 42 in (1065 mm) above the
floor. Such call buttons shall have visual signals to indicate when each call is
registered and when each call is answered. Call buttons shall be a minimum of 3/4 in (19
mm) in the smallest dimension. The button designating the up direction shall be on top. (See Fig. 20.) Buttons shall be raised or flush. Objects
mounted beneath hall call buttons shall not project into the elevator lobby more than 4 in
(100 mm).
4.10.4 Hall Lanterns. A
visible and audible signal shall be provided at each hoistway entrance to indicate which
car is answering a call. Audible signals shall sound once for the up direction and twice
for the down direction or shall have verbal annunciators that say "up" or
"down." Visible signals shall have the following features:
(1) Hall lantern fixtures shall be mounted so that their centerline is at least 72 in
(1830 mm) above the lobby floor. (See Fig. 20.)
(2) Visual elements shall be at least 2-1/2 in (64 mm) in the smallest dimension.
(3) Signals shall be visible from the vicinity of the hall call button (see Fig. 20). In-car lanterns located in cars, visible from
the vicinity of hall call buttons, and conforming to the above requirements, shall be
acceptable.
4.10.5 Raised and Braille Characters on
Hoistway Entrances. All elevator hoistway entrances shall have raised and
Braille floor designations provided on both jambs. The centerline of the characters shall
be 60 in (1525 mm) above finish floor. Such characters shall be 2 in (50 mm) high and
shall comply with 4.30.4. Permanently applied plates are acceptable
if they are permanently fixed to the jambs. (See Fig. 20).
4.10.6* Door Protective and Reopening
Device. Elevator doors shall open and close automatically. They shall be
provided with a reopening device that will stop and reopen a car door and hoistway door
automatically if the door becomes obstructed by an object or person. The device shall be
capable of completing these operations without requiring contact for an obstruction
passing through the opening at heights of 5 in and 29 in (125 mm and 735 mm) above finish
flo |